Civil litigation covers disputes not involving criminal liability. Common suits include:

• Breach of contract suits.
• Declaratory suits under Section 34 of the Specific Relief Act.
• Injunctions (temporary and permanent).
• Recovery of possession and mesne profits.

The Civil Procedure Code, 1908 prescribes procedure: filing plaint, written statement, framing of issues, evidence, arguments, and decree.
Jurisdiction depends on territorial and pecuniary limits.