ADR mechanisms are increasingly promoted by courts to reduce pendency.
The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 is the governing statute for arbitration and conciliation.
Methods include:

• Arbitration: binding adjudication by arbitrator(s), enforceable as civil decree (Section 36).
• Mediation: voluntary settlement facilitated by neutral mediator.
• Conciliation: flexible process akin to mediation but with statutory recognition under Part III of the Act.

ADR is preferred in commercial, matrimonial, and cross-border disputes for efficiency and confidentiality.