Civil recovery cases generally arise when money, goods, or services are not returned as per an agreement or transaction.
The primary legal remedies are governed by the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC). The following mechanisms are commonly invoked:
- Summary suits under Order 37 CPC: for recovery of money arising from written contracts, bills of exchange, promissory notes, and other liquidated debts.
- Civil recovery suits: for repayment of loans, advances, goods supplied, or services rendered.
- Legal notices: issued as a preliminary step before instituting recovery proceedings.
Courts assess documents, agreements, and evidence to determine enforceability of claims. Jurisdiction is determined by the pecuniary value of the suit and territorial nexus.